Эдвард Нортон Лоренц
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Эдвард Нортон Лоренц ( 23 мая 1917 года — 16 апреля 2008 года) — американский математик и метеоролог, один из ранних исследователей в области теории хаоса.[1] От открыл странный аттрактор и пустил в обиход выражение «эффект бабочки».
| Эдвард Нортон Лоренц | |
| Edward Norton Lorenz | |
| |
| Дата рождения: | 23 мая 1917 |
| Место рождения: | Коннектикут, США |
| Дата смерти: | 16 апреля 2008 |
| Гражданство: | США |
|---|---|
| В запросе есть пустое условие. | |
| Научная сфера: | Метеорология |
| Альма-матер: | Гарвардский университет |
| Известен как: | один из пионеров теории хаоса |
Начало карьерыПравить
Lorenz was born in West Hartford, Connecticut. [2] He studied mathematics at both Dartmouth College in New Hampshire and Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. During World War II, he served as a weather forecaster for the United States Army Air Corps. After his return from the war, he decided to study meteorology. Lorenz earned two degrees in the area from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he later was a professor for many years.
ИсследованияПравить
Lorenz built a mathematical model of the way air moves around in the atmosphere. As Lorenz studied weather patterns he began to realize that the weather did not always change as predicted. Minute variations in the initial values of variables in his twelve variable computer weather model (c. 1960) would result in grossly divergent weather patterns. This sensitive dependence on initial conditions came to be known as the butterfly effect.[3]
Lorenz went on to explore the underlying mathematics and published his conclusions in a seminal work titled Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow, in which he described a relatively simple system of equations that resulted in a pattern of infinite complexity now known as the Lorenz attractor. At present, Lorenz still comes to his office on the 16th floor of the Green Building most days of week.
НаградыПравить
Professor Emeritus at MIT since 1981, Lorenz has received many awards for his work, among which:
- 1969 Carl Gustaf Rossby Research Medal, American Meteorological Society.
- 1973 Symons Memorial Gold Medal, Royal Meteorological Society.
- 1975 Fellow, National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.).
- 1981 Member, Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.
- 1983 Crafoord Prize, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
- 1984 Honorary Member, Royal Meteorological Society.
- 1991 Kyoto Prize for ‘… his boldest scientific achievement in discovering «deterministic chaos» .’.
- 2004 12 May Buys Ballot medal.
Избранные публикацииПравить
- 1955 Available potential energy and the maintenance of the general circulation. Tellus. Vol.7
- 1963 Deterministic nonperiodic flow. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences. Vol.20 : 130—141 link [4].
- 1967 The nature and theory of the general circulation of atmosphere. World Meteorological Organization. No.218
- 1969 Three approaches to atmospheric predictability. American Meteorological Society. Vol.50
- 1976 Nondeterministic theories of climate change. Quaternary Research. Vol.6
- 1990 Can chaos and intransitivity lead to interannual variability? Tellus. Vol.42A
- 2005 Designing Chaotic Models. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences: Vol. 62, No. 5, pp. 1574—1587.
СсылкиПравить
- ↑ Tim Palmer (2008). "Edward Norton Lorenz". Physics Today 61 (9): 81–82. DOI:10.1063/1.2982132.
- ↑ "Lorenz Receives 1991 Kyoto Prize". MIT News Office. 1991.
- ↑ Term first recorded from Lorenz’s Address at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in Washington, December 29, 1979.
- ↑ According to the Web of Science online academic database, this paper has received at least 4000 unique citations by subsequent authors, making it one of the most-cited papers of all time.